Wang Hongqiao

(China Coal Industry Association,Dongcheng District,Beijing,100871)

Abstract:Based on the analysis of the existing problems in traditional coal mine safety management,a coal mine safety management system based on refinement and autonomy has been established using the basic theory of management science and the theory of accident causes,centering on the core element that affects coal mine safety-"people".Its core idea is:under the guidance of the strategic goal of"zero accident"safety management,on the one hand,strengthen the basic management of coal mine safety,accelerate the transformation from extensive management to refined management,and achieve refined safety management;On the other hand,through mobilizing the initiative,enthusiasm,and creativity of employees,achieve autonomous management of coal mine safety;To create an intrinsically safe mine with the goal of"zero accident"safety.

Key words:coal mine safety management,refinement,autonomy,zero accident

Main problems in traditional coal mine safety management

Coal mine safety is the top priority of national safety production work,and coal mine safety issues are the primary issues that must be addressed in coal mine production.In recent years,the state has taken a series of major measures to improve coal mine safety.The central government,local governments at all levels,and coal enterprises have also increased investment in coal mine safety,which has promoted the stable improvement of coal mine safety throughout the country.The death rate of coal mines per million tons has decreased.However,the situation of coal mine safety production is still grim,and coal mine safety has not been fundamentally improved.The reasons are various,and this article believes that the most important reason is that there are three prominent issues in the existing coal mine safety management models:First,the goal of coal mine safety management:The existing coal mine safety management requires the relevant departments to set a million ton casualty rate index as the goal of safety management for assessment,and this approach of having indicators for casualties is worth discussing,because its underlying message is,Coal mine safety accidents are unavoidable.In fact,except for accidents caused by irresistible natural factors such as earthquakes,all accidents should be avoidable,that is,coal mine safety should be foolproof;The second issue is the basic management of coal mine safety:For a long time,the basic management of coal mine safety has been weak,and coal mine safety management is still a very extensive management,mainly manifested in:greater randomness in safety management,negligence and carelessness in daily safety management,dirty,disorderly,and poor underground workplaces,and production systems running,emitting,dripping,and leaking.The main reasons are:the implementation of the safety responsibility system is not in place;Technical management,on-site management,and equipment management are weakened,and labor organization and management are lax.It is common to replace management with outsourcing;The quality of work,engineering,materials and equipment fails to meet the requirements of safety standards;The implementation of rules and regulations is not strict,and"three violations"occur from time to time;Lack of employee training,not adapting to the requirements of safe production,etc.Coal mine safety production is a complex,strict,and meticulous system engineering.If the basic safety management is not precise,any link has problems,which can cause property losses at the light level,and even lead to accidents where mines are destroyed and people are killed;The third is the main issue of coal mine safety management:the existing safety management model does not address the key factor affecting coal mine safety,the"human"issue.The factors that affect coal mine safety include both"human"factors(such as the independent safety awareness of coal employees,and the safety behavior of coal employees),as well as"material"factors(such as the technical conditions of coal mining,and safety measures for coal production).However,the unsafe factors of"things"can be overcome and eliminated through the living factor of"people",and even the"people"factor has the leverage effect of inducing and amplifying safety accidents.

Aiming at how to solve the above problems in current coal mine safety management,this paper proposes a coal mine safety management system based on refinement and autonomy.

Coal mine safety management based on refinement and autonomy

Coal mine safety management based on refinement and autonomy requires"zero accident"as the strategic goal of coal mine safety management."zero accident"is not only the starting point of coal mine safety management,but also the ultimate goal of coal mine safety management,and it is also the only standard to assess whether coal mine safety management is effective.If a safety accident occurs,the effect of safety management is"zero".The common saying"one vote veto for safety management"means that the strategic goal of coal mine safety management is"zero accident".

2.1 Basic principle

The basic principles of a coal mine safety management system based on refinement and autonomy are mainly three:①hidden dangers do not necessarily lead to accidents,but safety accidents must be caused by hidden dangers.To achieve zero accidents,hidden dangers must be eliminated;②Refined safety management is the foundation of coal mine safety management The"human"factor is the key to coal mine safety management.

(1)Basic principle 1-If there are potential safety hazards,there may not be accidents,but the occurrence of safety accidents must be caused by potential safety hazards.Coal mine safety accidents originate from potential safety hazards.Only by establishing an effective safety hazard prevention and control system and thoroughly eliminating potential safety hazards can the occurrence of safety accidents be completely eradicated.

(2)Basic principle 2-Refined safety management is the foundation.Many coal mine safety accidents are basically the result of extensive management,which inevitably brings safety hazards.Only by implementing refined safety management to strengthen basic safety management can the effective implementation of the"zero accident"safety management goal be ensured.For example,only if every employee carries out detailed operations can the goal of zero operational error be achieved.Therefore,to achieve the goal of"zero accident"safety management,it is necessary to guide every employee in each position to pay attention to every detail in the production process,implement refined operations,and make everything in the work precise and detailed,so as to make on-site management more standardized,orderly,high standard,and high-quality,and eliminate potential safety hazards in the bud.The corresponding security management mode is the refined security management mode.

(3)Rationale 3-"People"are the key.The problems in coal mine safety management are essentially human issues.Therefore,in the process of implementing"coal mine safety management based on refinement and autonomy",it is necessary to fully motivate all employees to actively participate in safety management,actively eliminate safety hazards caused by human unsafe behaviors,and actively prevent safety hazards.In the implementation of"coal mine safety management based on refinement and autonomy",only when fully stimulating the enthusiasm and creativity of employees,can the responsibilities and pressures of coal mine safety management be clearly and effectively transmitted to each employee,so that all levels of personnel at all levels can truly perform their respective duties and responsibilities in their work,while doing a good job in coal mine safety work independently,spontaneously,and consciously,In order to effectively prevent and manage hidden dangers in coal mine safety,make coal mine safety work in a strong controllable and preventable state,and truly achieve the goal of"zero accident"coal mine safety management.

2.2 Main content

The main contents of the coal mine safety management system based on refinement and autonomy are as follows:.

(1)The strategic goal of coal mine safety management-safety"zero accident".Japan's Matsushita Yukio said,"For products,either 100 points or 0 points."Any product that has any quality problem means failure.For coal mine safety management,if not 100%safety means zero.Safety accidents originate from hidden dangers,and the high level of mining accidents proves that if hidden dangers are not eliminated,accidents are inevitable.The key to safety management is to ensure that the entire mine system operates without potential safety hazards,thereby achieving zero accidents.If there are safety hazards,it is necessary to eliminate them in a timely manner.Only if all hidden dangers of the entire mine system can be discovered in a timely manner,and the discovered hidden dangers can be rectified in a timely manner,can safety in production be guaranteed."Zero accident"safety is the only way to truly achieve coal mine safety.Only mines that operate without potential safety hazards are intrinsically safe.The specific sub objectives after the decomposition of the overall safety"zero accident"goal include the following 8 aspects.(See Figure 1 for the composition):

①Knowledge"Zero Ignorance":Strengthen training and education for employees of coal enterprises in accordance with the safety requirements of the job,to eliminate ignorance of employees in safety production knowledge,safety operation skills,and safety awareness.To eliminate"zero ignorance"of knowledge,it is necessary to institutionalize,normalize,and dynamic employee training.

②"Zero error"in operation:Managers should establish operating standards for each operation,and employees should strive for excellence in the production process,operating in strict accordance with operating standards and procedures.

③"Zero loopholes"in the system:It is necessary to establish and improve a comprehensive safety management system,leaving no dead ends in the safety management system.Moreover,the implementation of the system should be strictly enforced.

④"Zero defects"in quality:tools,various materials,spare parts,etc.are free of quality defects to prevent safety accidents caused by quality issues.

⑤"Zero violation"of regulations:First,the material factors such as tools,equipment,materials,energy,and the environment meet the requirements of regulations,and then,it is necessary to act according to regulations and resolutely eliminate illegal operations.

⑥"Zero failure"of equipment:fully eliminate equipment failures.Generally speaking,equipment failures are caused by factors such as installation,operation,natural deterioration of equipment,and daily maintenance management,such as misoperation,improper maintenance,or lack of repair.

⑦Zero potential environmental hazards:Before each operation,ensure that there are no potential hazards in the working environment,and never allow operations in an environment with potential safety hazards.

⑧Zero distraction of energy.Once employees are engaged in their work,they must devote themselves to the work with a hundred times of energy and focus.It is not allowed to work with emotions.If you can't concentrate on your work,you should leave your post and rest.

(2)Coal Mine Safety Management Mode 1-"Refined Safety Management Mode".Refined safety management is a safety management mode that is based on conventional safety management,leads conventional safety management to depth,and implements the thought and style of refined management to every link in the production process of coal enterprises.Refined safety management is a new safety concept for coal enterprises compared to extensive safety management.It guides every employee in every position to pay attention to every detail in the production process through the application of fine management techniques such as positioning,coding,identification,and signage management,and implements fine operations.Every employee in every position makes every thing in their work precise and meticulous,making on-site management more standardized,orderly,high-standard,and high-quality,and eliminating potential safety hazards in the bud.

(3)Coal Mine Safety Management Mode 2-"Autonomous Safety Management Mode".Guided by basic management theories such as the theory of safety management,the hierarchy of human needs,and the hierarchy of humanistic management,it regards employees as the main body of coal mine safety management,highlights the people-oriented safety management concept,emphasizes the role of human subjective initiative in the safety management process,and is based on employees'good safety awareness,skills,quality,and a high sense of ownership and responsibility,By mobilizing employees'enthusiasm for self safety management,employees can self regulate post operations,self discipline unsafe behaviors,consciously manage safety within their job responsibilities,and independently prevent,control,and eliminate safety hazards in"production site,production process,engineering quality,and post operations.".

3.Conclusion

Coal mine safety management is a complex system.In this system,the factors that affect safety management,that is,the factors that lead to accidents,include human factors,machine equipment factors,material factors,technical factors,management system factors,and environmental factors.Among these influencing factors,in the final analysis,the"human"factor is the core factor of coal mine safety management.Coal mine safety management based on refinement and autonomy focuses on the core element that affects coal mine safety-"people".Guided by the goal of"zero accident"safety management,it strengthens basic safety management by implementing refinement safety management,and achieves proactive prevention of coal mine safety management through autonomous safety management.Therefore,coal mine safety management based on refinement and autonomy is a full process of advanced control,prevention in advance,refined operation,and elimination of potential safety hazards in the bud.It is a proactive and preventive safety management for all personnel,which builds a solid safety production defense line for coal mine production.

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Author profile:Wang Hongqiao(1964-),male,PhD,associate professor.Currently,he is the Director of the Personnel Training Department and Training Center of the China Coal Industry Association,the Deputy Director and Secretary General of the Human Resources Working Committee of the China Coal Industry Association,and the Deputy Director of the Education and Training Expert Committee of the Coal Industry Technical Committee.The main research fields are coal mine safety monitoring technology,management theory and technology.